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Cause:
Mumps virus, a paramyxovirus.
Illness and treatment:
Mumps causes inflammation of glandular tissue, most commonly salivary glands (parotitis). Up to 20%
of infections have no symptoms and up to half have mild or only respiratory symptoms. Complications
include inflammation of testes (orchitis) or ovaries (oophoritis), aseptic meningitis (rarely
causing deafness), pancreatitis, and myocarditis. Treatment is supportive.
Sources:
Humans, including persons with asymptomatic infection, are the reservoir. Transmission is mainly
through direct contact with infected droplet nuclei or saliva.
Additional risks:
The average age of reported mumps cases has increased, with 40% of cases age 15 years and older.
During 2006, a large outbreak of mumps occurred in 9 Midwestern states with the majority of cases
seen in college-aged persons and adults in their 20s.
Prevention:
Recommendations for universal childhood immunization have greatly reduced the number of
infections. Two doses of mumps-containing vaccine are now recommended for school aged-children,
college students, and health care workers born in or after 1957. Respiratory and hand hygiene
can also reduce transmission.
Recent Washington trends:
Between 1992 and 2005 the rate of reported mumps infections in Washington was 0.5 per 100,000
population or less (0-26 cases per year). Due to the increased awareness of mumps subsequent
to the 2006 outbreak, 42 and 53 cases were reported in 2006 and 2007, respectively. A change
in the national reporting criteria was made after 2007 and the rate of reported mumps has returned
to pre-2006 levels.
2010:
Seven cases were reported. The age range for reported cases was 1 to 44 years, with a median
age of 18 years. Only one of the cases (14%) reported ever having received any mumps vaccine,
and was also reported as being “up to date” for mumps vaccination.
Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance
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To assess the burden of mumps in Washington.
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To identify cases and prevent further spread from cases by recommending appropriate
preventive measures, including exclusion.
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To educate potentially exposed individuals about signs and symptoms of disease, thereby
facilitating early diagnosis and reducing the risk of further transmission.
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To identify and vaccinate susceptible individuals.
Legal Reporting Requirements
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Health care providers:
notifiable to local health jurisdiction within 24 hours
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Health care facilities:
notifiable to local health jurisdiction within 24 hours
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Laboratories:
Mumps virus, acute, by IgM positivity or PCR positivity notifiable to local health
jurisdiction within 24 hours; specimen submission is required - isolate or clinical
specimen associated with positive result (2 business days)
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Local health jurisdictions:
notifiable to the Washington State Department of Health (DOH) Communicable Disease Epidemiology (CDE)
within 7 days of case investigation completion or summary information required within 21 days
Last update
December 2011 |
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